Charities Essay

The lawful meaning of noble cause has verifiably been to some degree tricky and stands particular from any comprehension of good cause in a general or famous sense. As Lord Wright watched, in its legitimate sense the word â€Å"charitable is an expression of craftsmanship, of exact and specialized meaning†[1]. Viscount Simmonds further commented that, â€Å"no complete meaning of legitimate cause has been given either by assembly or in legal articulation, there is no restriction to the number and assorted variety of manners by which man will look to profit his individual men†. The Preamble to the Charitable Uses Act 1601, likewise alluded to as the Statute of Elizabeth I, contained a rundown of purposes which were then viewed as magnanimous. It expected a focal job for the courts as a kind of perspective point or index of acknowledged cases of good cause until very nearly 300 years after the fact when Lord MacNaughten in the Pemsel case, broadly ordered altruistic items into four head divisions: (I) trusts for the help of neediness, (ii) trusts for the headway of training, (iii) trusts for the progression of religion, (iv) confides in useful to the network not falling under any of the first heads. These four heads of noble cause were utilized as reference at whatever point the intrinsic beneficent nature of a reason or organization was addressed until the Charities Act 2006 got imperial consent. Area 2(2) of the 2006 Act presently gives a cutting edge legal meaning of good cause by posting 13 portrayals of purposes esteemed altruistic at law. So as to be magnanimous, an association must be set up for at least one purposes inside the depictions perceived by the law as fit for being beneficent, and for the open advantage. Noble cause law in England and Wales includes created inside the setting of the customary monotheistic religions yet it has grasped for a long time religions other than Christianity and Judaism. In Bowman[3], Lord Parker successfully held that it was not simply the advancement of Christianity that would be perceived yet that the Courts of this nation were not blocked â€Å"from offering impact to trusts for the motivations behind religions which, anyway holy they might be to a huge number of His Majesty’s subjects, either prevent reality from claiming Christianity or, at any rate, don't acknowledge a portion of its crucial doctrines†. Moreover in the Commission’s Scientology[4] choice it was immovably settled that â€Å"The law doesn't lean toward one religion to another and as between religions the law stands neutral†[5]. The English courts have, for quite a while, opposed intently characterizing what makes some conviction frameworks strict and others not. Anyway in the Scientology case, the Commissioners acknowledged that there are different qualities of religion which can be perceived from the legitimate specialists: †¢ Belief in a divine being or a god or incomparable being †R v Registrar General[6] †¢ Two of the basic properties of religion are confidence and love: confidence in a divine being and love of that god †South Place Ethical Society[7] †¢ To propel religion implies â€Å"to advance it, to spread the message ever more extensive among humankind; to find a way to support and increment strict conviction and these things are done in an assortment of ways which might be exhaustively portrayed as peaceful and missionary†. Joined Grand Lodge v Holborn BC[8]. Having thought about these attributes, the Commissioners inferred that the meaning of a religion in English foundation law was portrayed by a faith in an incomparable being and an outflow of that conviction through love. This definition is additionally refined in the 2006 Act where s2 (3) a gives a fractional meaning of the word religion. In any case, the law doesn't consequently perceive as a religion everything that may assign itself as a religion and there are a few standards to which a reason must adjust on the off chance that it is to be viewed as inside the Charities Act’s portrayal of ‘the headway of religion’. These general standards are accumulated from the customary law of England and Wales yet in addition consider the assemblage of law which has created concerning the European Convention right to opportunity of thought, heart and religion. As a general suggestion, for its progression to be fit for being altruistic in this unique situation, a religion ought to have a specific degree of cogency, earnestness, soundness and importance[9]. Likewise, so as to be altruistic for the headway of religion, the substance of any arrangement of confidence and love must be of a positive sort, affecting valuably on the network. Sir John Wickens, V-C. in Cocks v Manners[10] watched: â€Å"It is stated, in a portion of the cases, that strict reasons for existing are magnanimous, yet that must be valid as to strict administrations tending straightforwardly or by implication towards the guidance or the illumination of the public†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Henceforth, to be beneficent a strict reason must be not kidding, tend straightforwardly or in a roundabout way to the good and otherworldly improvement of general society just as being for the open advantage. In Holmes v Attorney General[11] Walton J remarked: â€Å"†¦ It isn't to help the disciples of the religion themselves that the law gives altruistic status, it is in light of a legitimate concern for people in general. † Hence, as a general recommendation, on account of foundation for the headway of religion the reason must not just be to support the devotees of the specific religion. Earlier, the suggestion expressed that â€Å"as between various religions the law stands unbiased, yet it accept that any religion is at any rate prone to be better than none†[12]. Cultivator J in Re Watson[13] considered a case for the distribution and circulation of the fundamentalist Christian works of a person where he cited authority that the court doesn't lean toward one religion or organization to another and said that â€Å"where the reasons being referred to are of a strict sort †¦ then the court accept an open advantage except if the opposite is shown†. He at that point proceeded to state that the main method of refuting an open advantage is to show that the teachings instilled are unfriendly to the very establishments of all religion, and that they are incendiary of all ethical quality. Nonetheless, that piece of the judgment being conflicting with the judgment of the court of bid and feelings given by the House of Lords in Gilmour v Coats, where it was held: â€Å"†¦the question whether a trust is valuable to the general population is a totally extraordinary one from the inquiry whether a trust is for the progression of religion†, it isn't respected an official. Since the Charities Act 2006, there is not, at this point any assumption that, in light of the fact that a reason falls inside the portrayal â€Å"the headway of religion†, it is for the open advantage. Area 3(2) of the Act gives: â€Å"In deciding if [the open benefit] prerequisite is fulfilled corresponding to any †¦purpose, it isn't to be assumed that a reason for a specific depiction is for the open benefit†. Consequently, with the expulsion of the assumption and in the cutting edge setting the suggestion may now be deciphered as implying that propelling religion can be viewed as an open decent if such headway can be shown to be comparable to a framework having a favorable and positive substance which is being progressed to serve general society. Throughout the years, there are a few purposes which, regardless of being advantageous and strict and without a doubt truly strict, didn't fall inside the lawful system. For instance, encouraging private devotion, in spite of the fact that being a strict movement, is certifiably not an altruistic reason because of the nonappearance good for the general population. In Cocks v Manners[14] (supra) it was said that â€Å"a intentional relationship of ladies to work out their own salvation by strict activities and discipline appears to have none of the imperatives of an altruistic establishment. † In the Re Joy[15] case it was held that the genuine item mulled over by the departed benefactor was the non-beneficent reason for development of the participation of a general public by supplication. Further, in Re White[16], it was held that â€Å"a society for the advancement of private supplication and dedications by its own individuals and which has no more extensive degree, no open component, and no reason for general utility would not be charitable†. Master Simonds in the Gilmour[17] case later affirmed the choice in Cocks v Manners and said that exercises â€Å"good in themselves however exclusively intended to profit people related to make sure about that advantage, which might not have a few repercussions or important impacts helpful to some area of the general community† don't meet the requirements of a beneficent establishment. In Re Warre’s Will Trusts, on the matter of a retreat house, Harman J stated: â€Å"Activities which don't in any capacity influence people in general or any segment of it are not beneficent. Devout examination and petition are, no uncertainty, useful for the spirit, and might be of advantage by some intercessory procedure, of which the law fails to acknowledge, however they are not magnanimous exercises. † Thus, in Re Hetherington[18] it was held that the festival of a strict custom in private doesn't contain the vital component of open advantage since any advantage of petition or model is unequipped for verification in the legitimate sense and any component of otherworldly or good improvement (illumination) is restricted to a private not open class of those present at the festival. Be that as it may, in a similar case it was likewise held that the holding of a strict assistance which is available to people in general is fit for presenting a â€Å"sufficient open advantage due to the illuminating and improving impact of such festival on the individuals from the open who join in. † There are likewise different purposes identified with religion whose interests have not been conside

Fast Food Nation by Eric Schlosser Free Essays

Scoring Your Test From the SAT Preparation Bookletâ„ ¢ The materials in these documents are planned for singular use by understudies preparing to take a SAT Program test; consent for some other utilize must be looked for from the SAT ® Program. Schools (state-endorsed or potentially certify certificate giving optional schools) may replicate them, in entire or to a limited extent, in constrained amounts, for eye to eye direction/instructing purposes however may not mass disperse the materials, electronically or something else. These materials and any duplicates of them may not be sold, and the copyright sees must be held as they appar here. We will compose a custom paper test on Inexpensive Food Nation by Eric Schlosser or on the other hand any comparative subject just for you Request Now This authorization doesn't matter to any outsider copyrights contained thus. The College Board: Connecting Students to College Success The College Board is a not-revenue driven enrollment affiliation whose crucial to interface understudies to school achievement and opportunity. Established in 1900, the affiliation is made out of in excess of 5,700 schools, universities, colleges, and other instructive associations. Every year, the College Board serves more than 7,000,000 understudies and their folks, 23,000 secondary schools, and 3,800 universities through significant projects and administrations in school confirmations, direction, evaluation, budgetary guide, enlistment, and instructing and learning. Among its most popular projects are the SAT ®, the PSAT/NMSQT ®, and the Advanced Placement Programâ ® (AP ®). The College Board is focused on the standards of greatness and value, and that dedication is exemplified in the entirety of its projects, administrations, exercises, and concerns. For additional data, visit www. collegeboard. com.  © 2010 The College Board. All rights held. School Board, Advanced Placement Program, AP, SAT, and the oak seed logo are enrolled trademarks of the College Board. interface with school achievement, SAT Preparation Booklet, SAT Reasoning Test, SAT Subject Tests, The Official SAT Study Guide, and The Official SAT Online Course are trademarks possessed by the College Board. PSAT/NMSQT is an enlisted trademark of the College Entrance Examination Board and National Merit Scholarship Corporation. Every other item and administrations might be trademarks of their separate proprietors. Visit the College Board on the Web: www. collegeboard. com. Right Answers and Difficulty Levels for the Official SAT Practice Test Get a score report and answer clarifications! Enter your answers online at collegeboard. com/satpracticetest. 72 Getting Ready for the SAT  © 2005 The College Board Scoring the Of? cial SAT Practice Test To have your score determined consequently, go to www. collegeboard. com/satpracticetest. You’ll get: †¢ An itemized score report †¢ Answer clarifications To compute your score on paper, check your reactions with the right answers on page 72. Fill in the spaces underneath and do the figurings to get your science, basic perusing, and composing crude scores. Utilize the tables on pages 75â€76 to locate your scaled scores. What number of various decision science questions did you get off-base? Area 2: Questions 1â€20 Section 6: Questions 1â€8 Total + = (B) Section 8: Questions 1â€16 + ? 0. 25 = Aâ€B = Mathematics Raw Score Round the science crude score to the closest entire number. Get Your Critical Reading Score what number basic perusing questions did you get right? Segment 3: Questions 1â€24 Section 7: Questions 1â€24 + Section 9: Questions 1â€19 + Total = (A) Use the table on page 75 to discover your science scaled score. Get Your Writing Score What number of various decision composing questions did you get right? Area 5: Questions 1â€35 Section 10: Questions 1â€14 + Total = (A) what number basic perusing questions did you get off-base? Area 3: Questions 1â€24 Section 7: Questions 1â€24 + Section 9: Questions 1â€19 + Total = (B) what number various decision composing questions did you get off-base? Area 5: Questions 1â€35 Section 10: Questions 1â€14 + Total = (B) ? 0. 25 = Aâ€B= Critical Reading Raw Score Round the basic perusing crude score to the closest entire number. ? 0. 25 = Aâ€B = Writing Multiple-Choice Raw Score Round the composing numerous decision crude score to the closest entire number. C) Use the table on page 75 to locate your basic perusing scaled score. Get Your Mathematics Score what number science questions did you get right? Segment 2: Questions 1â€20 Section 6: Questions 1â€18 + Section 8: Questions 1â€16 + Total = (A) Use the table on page 75 to discover your composi ng different decision scaled score. Gauge your exposition score utilizing the Essay Scoring Guide on page 73. ?2= (D) Use the table on page 76, your numerous decision crude score (C), and your exposition score (D) to discover your composing composite scaled score. 74 Getting Ready for the SAT  © 2005 The College Board SAT Score Conversion Table Most of article perusers show English, structure, or language expressions courses. Each article is scored freely by two perusers on a size of 1 to 6, with 6 being the most elevated score. The consolidated score for the two perusers will go from 2 to 12. In the event that the two readers’ scores are more than one point separated, a third peruser settle the error. In scoring the expositions, perusers follow the scoring guide beneath. The scoring guide depicts the highlights normally found in papers at each score point, including basic reasoning, improvement, association, language use, and sentence structure. An understudy can get a top score on the article even with minor blunders in language structure, utilization, and mechanics. The SAT paper neither prizes nor punishes conventional ways to deal with composing, for example, the five-section exposition. There is no recipe for compelling composition, no single most ideal approach to impart a thought. Any article that highlights away from of thinking, proper decisions of proof, sufficient improvement of thoughts, powerful association, and exact utilization of language will get a high score, paying little mind to style or approach. Perusers are prepared to perceive and compensate a wide assortment of articles at each score point. SAT ESSAY Scoring Guide SCORE OF 6 An article in this class shows clear and predictable authority, despite the fact that it might have a couple of minor mistakes. An average paper †¢ adequately and keenly builds up a perspective on the issue and shows exceptional basic reasoning, utilizing unmistakably fitting models, reasons, and other proof to help its position †¢ is efficient and plainly engaged, showing away from and smooth movement of thoughts †¢ displays dexterous utilization of language, utilizing a fluctuated, exact, and able jargon †¢ exhibits important assortment in sentence structure †¢ is liberated from most blunders in punctuation, use, and mechanics SCORE OF 5 An exposition in this classification exhibits sensibly predictable authority, despite the fact that it will have incidental mistakes or slips by in quality. A run of the mill article SCORE OF 4 An exposition in this classification exhibits satisfactory authority, despite the fact that it will have passes in quality. A normal exposition successfully builds up a perspective on the †¢ builds up a perspective on the issue and issue and shows solid basic reasoning, exhibits capable basic reasoning, by and large utilizing suitable models, reasons, utilizing sufficient models, reasons, and other and other proof to help its position proof to help its position †¢ is efficient and centered, showing cognizance and movement of thoughts †¢ displays office in the utilization of language, utilizing fitting jargon †¢ shows assortment in sentence structure †¢ is commonly liberated from most blunders in punctuation, use, and mechanics †¢ is commonly sorted out and centered, exhibiting some intelligence and movement of thoughts †¢ shows satisfactory however conflicting office in the utilization of language, utilizing commonly proper jargon †¢ exhibits some assortment in sentence structure †¢ has a few mistakes in syntax, use, and mechanics SCORE OF 3 A paper in this class exhibits creating authority, and is set apart by ONE OR MORE of the accompanying shortcomings: †¢ builds up a perspective on the issue, exhibiting some basic reasoning, however may do so conflictingly or utilize deficient models, reasons, or other proof to help its position †¢ is restricted in its association or center, or may show a few passes in soundness or movement of thoughts †¢ shows creating office in the utilization of language, yet some of the time utilizes frail jargon or unseemly word decision †¢ needs assortment or shows issues in sentence structure †¢ contains a collection of mistakes in syntax, use, and mechanics SCORE OF 2 A paper in this classification shows little authority, and is imperfect by ONE OR MORE of the accompanying shortcomings: †¢ builds up a perspective on the issue that is ambiguous or truly constrained, and shows powerless basic reasoning, giving wrong or inadequate models, reasons, or other proof to help its position An exposition in this class exhibits next to no or no dominance, and is seriously imperfect by ONE OR MORE of the accompanying shortcomings: †¢ builds up no practical perspective on the issue, or gives almost no proof to help its position †¢ is ineffectively composed or potentially engaged, or †¢ is muddled or unfocused, bringing about a disconnected or confused article shows difficult issues with lucidness or movement of thoughts †¢ shows almost no office in the utilization of language, utilizing exceptionally restricted jargon or mistaken word decision †¢ exhibits visit issues in sentence structure †¢ contains blunders in syntax, use, and mechanics so genuine that significance is to some degree clouded  © 2005 The College Board ?

This Is How to Write a 3-paragraph Essay

This Is How to Write a 3-paragraph Essay Drafting a three-paragraph essay is a common assignment you will face in school. But the fact that it is a common assignment doesn’t mean it is easy to excel in it without training and exercise. This article will share with you some necessary insights that will bolster your ability to excel in these assignments. What is a 3-paragraph essay? Let’s take a look at the definition of a 3-paragraph essay before delving into more details. In short, a three-paragraph paper is an essay that a teacher creates to assist scholars in familiarizing themselves with formatting rules and specifications. In this assignment, a student is supposed to come up with the visualization of the three sections of a paper, to arrange their ideas, and use their knowledge in practical writing formats. After learning how to use this form of formatting, scholars can advance and write essays with more paragraphs. Visualizing the structure The three-paragraph essay format demands the visualization of a structure. A student is supposed to look at the assignment with a three-fold perspective that includes that introduction, body, and conclusion. In the intro, you are supposed to state your thesis or your primary argument on which you will hinge your assignment. After coming up with the introduction, you will now need to move on to the body paragraphs where you will defend your thesis by providing evidence, reasons, and examples to prove it. After drafting the intro and the body parts, you will draft the conclusion that wraps up everything together. This section of the essay will rephrase your primary argument and also summarize the main ideas you wrote to defend it. Determine a topic and a thesis statement After visualizing the structure, determine what you are going to include in that three-paragraph structure. The two critical places to begin are the topic and the thesis statement that will form the basis of your arguments and ideas. For instance, if you are required to write about education and the Internet revolution, you will need to break it down into something specific like The Net is beneficial to modern education. Here, you can easily develop a thesis that reads The Web facilitates better education through improved research. In the body paragraph, you will give reasons, for instance, the ease of accessing info as one of the ways of improving academic research. Drafting an outline Drafting an outline for three paragraph essay for your paper is one of the pillars you should master to succeed in your assignments. One of the things you should pay attention to as you draft your essay is the numbering. You should number each paragraph using Roman numbers. In the opening paragraph, it is necessary to note down what you should write there, including your primary argument or thesis. It is also necessary to gather and organize introductory details to orient your reader into what you will discuss in the successive parts of the paper. Afterward, you will have to write down the three arguments that will defend your thesis. In the concluding paragraph, you need to gather and include materials to summarize your key arguments plus what you desire your audience to take home or do. Beginning the writing After you are done with the outline of what you need to write down, you should begin writing the essay. In the writing process, you ought to include your thesis and the introductory info that your readers have to know. You should include this primary argument in the closing sentence of your introduction. The ideal length of this section is supposed to be four to five pages. Next, you have to draft the body of your essay. In this section, you will discuss the details you introduced your readers to. In this section, you will offer proof and reasons to support your thesis. Make sure there is a smooth flow of ideas from one sentence to another. The last part of writing your essay is the conclusion. Just as the name implies, this section will conclude and wrap up everything. The only thing you need to balance is clarity and brevity where you should only include the number of words necessary to help your readers to understand you. Redrafting and editing Redrafting and editing are some of the 3-paragraph essay writing tips that will guarantee you success in your assignments. For this reason, it is necessary to read through your work again to spot and remove all errors. This stage will help you rid your essay of all the grammar and technical errors that can hurt your final score line. Get help from here You are now abreast with what it takes to write an effective three-paragraph essay. But if you face any disruptions in your personal life and need external help, you can talk to us. We are professional student helpers specializing in all matters regarding essay writing.

Video Games Can It Cause Violence - 1379 Words

Victor Chau Professor Myers ENGL-1301 Video Games: Can it cause violence? Any action against violent video games should be met with more research and that any banning of violent video games should come under more significant scrutiny. For sometime, many people consider violent video games to be the cause of violent behavior in the younger generations. However there are also people who would refute such claims that violent video games are the causes of tragedies, and would point to another reason why anyone would perform violent actions. The concerned peoples who have put stock in the notion that violent video games has caused youths of today to perform school shootings and/or suicide have only been lightly educated about the positive impact that video games have done for the younger generations, as well as the older generations. In fact, people would say that it is coincidence that a killer who have just happened to play video games could have been inspired by the virtual simulations that video games can provide. A what if example would be to say if a person who is set on shooting people in a certain drove to the location of his designated shooting spree in a particular brand of car. Is the company who produced such the car at fault for making and selling it to the perpetrator? Of course not. To quickly address also, all video games forgo a rating system created by the Entertainment Software Rating Board, or ESRB for short, in order to determine which audience a certainShow MoreRelatedEssay about Do Video Games really Cause Violence?1028 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"No one is suggesting that [violent video games are] the only reason they went out and committed those horrific acts, but was it a tipping point? Was it something that pushed them over the edge? Was it a factor in that? Perhaps. That’s a really big deal,† This is a really controversial subject amongst gamers and parents, on whether violent video games cause real-life violence. Lots of p eople think they do, while lots of people think they don’t. There is research that points both ways in the subjectRead MoreNegative Effects Of Violent Video Games712 Words   |  3 PagesHave you heard? Many people are debating whether or not Violent Video Games cause kids to be aggressive and violent. While others, like myself agree violent video games aren’t the problem of violence, real-life violence is. And therefore, you should to why, because Violent Video games allow kids especially boys to let out anger and relax themselves from emotions. It also helps entertain kids. And creates less real-world aggression. 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Since then, video games have gotten more in depth, with better graphics and more options which include violent video games. Violent videos have gotten more popular with a better amount of variety including the franchise of Call of Duty, Battlefield, and Grand Theft Auto. These are the most common and popular video games and because of the vi olence in them debate has started

The Legalization Of Physician Assisted Suicide - 976 Words

Research Paper With an advancing medical field, new technology allows doctors to do almost the impossible. Automatic genetic analysis, restoration of eyesight, and robotic limbs remain as some of the most cutting edge innovative technology in the medical field. Society witnesses the creation of even more medical breakthroughs, however, the application of new found research enhances and prolongs the quality of life for humans. A growing elderly population prompts the progression of superior palliative care and hospice care. While end of life care attempts to make the last months of a person’s life as comfortable as possible, ultimately palliative and hospice care become ineffective in helping with the excruciating pain. Thus, the legalization of physician assisted suicide provides a compassionate death while preserving the concept of patient autonomy. Physician-assisted suicide enables terminally ill patients to die comfortably and peacefully in their own homes. Terminally ill patients suffer through constant pain in their final months, and there remains a â€Å"residual obligation to relieve suffering† when palliative and hospice care reach a stagnant point (Quill). Patients will reach a point where the value of life weighs against the consistent suffering they endure on daily basis. Those seeking physician assisted suicide maintain the ability to forcibly starve themselves by declining food and drink. It takes more energy for terminally ill patients to push themselves toShow MoreRelatedThe Legalization Of Physician Assisted Suicide1265 Words   |  6 PagesParker March, 14, 2015 Assisted Suicide Introduction There are several ethical and legal issues that are raised by the majority concerning the legalization of physician assisted suicide and the role of nurses in the process. Assisted suicide is a legal act of assisting those who are suffering from a deadly illness in ending their lives by providing them the means to do it (Griffith, 2014). Netherland was the first country to legalize physician assisted suicide. In 1994, Oregon becameRead MoreThe Legalization Of Physician Assisted Suicide1720 Words   |  7 PagesIt is obvious discussing physician-assisted suicide is a very controversial issue that is discussed daily by those who wish to die to avoid loss of dignity and also by those who think it is unethical. For physician-assisted suicide to even be considered, the patient must be of sound mind when they are requesting death with dignity. Physician-assisted suicide should be a legal option for people who are unable to end their own lives. However, there should be safeg uards to prevent any sort of abuseRead MoreThe Legalization Of Physician Assisted Suicide1984 Words   |  8 PagesAnthony Zhang 4.29.15 Period 3B Living in Pain or Death with Dignity The legalization of physician assisted suicide (PAS) in Oregon in 1994 changed the face of the argument between those who believe in death with dignity and those who believe in letting nature take its course. It was a major victory for PAS advocates as the first state in America had legalized PAS in the country’s history. In 2008, the neighboring state of Washington followed suit with a similar law and legalized PAS by a 58-42Read MoreLegalization Of Physician Assisted Suicide820 Words   |  4 Pageslegalize physician-assisted death within a year. Physician-assisted suicide (PAS), in simple words, means doctors prescribe a lethal dose of medication that patients take themselves. 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Despite the fact that Physician-Assisted suicide is opposed by many Americans and much of the world onRead MoreThe Legalization of Physician-Assisted Suicide Essay2393 Words   |  10 PagesSupport for the participation of physicians in the suicides of terminally ill patients is increasing. Much of the controversy surrounding physician-assisted suicide however focuses on the debate over whether the practice should be legalized. A woman suffering from cancer became the first person known to die under the law of physician-assisted suicide in March of 1998. In 1994, voters in Oregon approved a referendum called the Death with Dignity Act, which was enacted in 1997. This law allows patientsRead MoreLEGALIZATION OF ASSISTED SUICIDE IN THE U.S. Currently, physician-assisted suicide or death is2900 Words   |  12 PagesLEGALIZATION OF ASSISTED SUICIDE IN THE U.S. Currently, physician-assisted suicide or death is illegal in all states except Oregon, Vermont, Montana and Washington. Present law in other states express that suicide is not a crime, but assisting in suicide is. Supporters of legislation legalizing assisted suicide claim that the moral right to life should encompass the right to voluntary death. Opponents of assisted suicide claim that society has a moral and civic duty to preserve the lives of innocentRead MoreThe Controversial Debate On Legalization Of Physician Assisted Suicide1290 Words   |  6 Pagesis your life and no one else’s, right? This is the question at the very center of the controversial debate on the legalization of physician assisted suicide in the United States. Anti-physician assisted suicide groups often argue that no individual truly wants to end their life. However, that statement does not ring true to those who would actually utilize physician assisted suicide- terminally ill patients. Imagine being diagnosed with a terminal disease, followed by months and sometimes years ofRead MoreEthical Considerations in Dealing with Changes in the Healthcare System929 Words   |  4 Pagesconsideration that creates controversial discussion is the subject of physician-assisted suicide. Physician-assisted suicide is described as the act in which a physician provides the means necessary for the client to perform the act of suicide. The issue of physician-assisted suicide is viewed through many different perspectives. The topic of physician-assisted suicide has been debated since the development of medicine. Physician-assisted suicide was first legalized in the United States in Oregon in 1997.Read MoreShould Physician Assisted Suicide Be Legalized?1426 Words   |  6 PagesPhysician assisted suicide is also known as assisted suicide. It is a very controversial procedure. It is not favored by many. However, in present day society is little bit inclined towards assisted suicide. There is ongo ing debate on the legalization of assisted suicide. The main reason to oppose of assisted suicide is the fear of mistreatment of the patient, abuse of power and so on. In contrary, many see assisted suicide as a way to decrease pain in the end of life.

Astronomy in the Medieval Islamic World Free Essays

The religious practice of Islam is oriented in a fixed time and space. The faithful will pray in the direction of the Ka’ba five times a day, but how did astronomy take part in determining this? The Islamic calendar says that the day begins at sunset and the five prayers start from that time. Adjusting times for prayer grew out of observing the heavens, a practice known since the ancient Egyptians and Babylonians. We will write a custom essay sample on Astronomy in the Medieval Islamic World or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Arabs, for centuries, studied the sky and examined the groups of stars and phases of the moon on their long desert travels. This education of space was adapted and developed to conform to the practice of Islam. During the medieval period of the Islamic world, the science of astrology as a branch from astronomy was translated by the Greeks into Arabic, along with Sasanian, Indian and ancient Egyptian influences, allowing more scientific and mathematical development by mathematicians and scientists of the Arab world. The subject came to be a very popular one, as it was taken interest in by scholars such as Abu Ma’shar al-Balkhi, al-Biruni, and Nasir al-Din al-Tusi. There is evidence of this topic being widespread throughout the Islamic world, such as manuscripts and astrological records found in al-Fustat in Egypt. Since there has proven to be much scientific evidence and involvement in the study of the stars and planets, how did this outbreak of information in the Islamic world affect Islamic Art? And why was it so significant? There is much architecture, objects and textiles from the Islamic World that express the significance of this topic, such as Qasr al-Amra in Jordan, built by Umayyad caliph Walid II in the early 8th century, which features a frescoed caldarium ceiling depicting the twelve Zodiac constellations. The exterior of the construction is very minimal; the only ornamentation being small domes and triple arches. Otherwise, the ornamentation becomes servant to the architecture. The techniques that were contributed into constructing Qasr al-Amra references the Roman and Byzantine techniques: predominately limestone and terracotta brick, along with other types of stones. The frescoed ceilings in the caldarium, or the hot plunge bath, is said to be the earliest depiction of the stars painted on a domed surface. It features 35 recognizable constellations along with, as mentioned previously, twelve zodiacs. There has been reported to be one mistake: the order of the stars in the counterclockwise direction, which tells that it is possible that the fresco was copied from a flat surface. This fresco, however, is not the only one in Qasr al-Amra: there were many brilliant murals in several of the other chambers that suggest that the caliphs of this â€Å"pleasure palace† lived a luxurious lifestyle. This luxury tells of an involvement in. The use of imagery in relation to astrology began in the twelfth century, and eventually taken in for its visual decorative quality, by the Ghaznavids and the Seljuqs among others, and they adopted it with their own meanings and influences. The bowl (figure 1) from central or northern Iran in the late 12th century depicts figures very close to those of the Kashan. The bright hues lend it a quality similar to Persian miniatures. There is Kufic inscriptions around the rim of the bowl as well as naskh script on the secondary intermediary space but the focal point is the sun-shaped face in the center, with a classical depiction of the planets surrounding it. How to cite Astronomy in the Medieval Islamic World, Papers

Astronomy in the Medieval Islamic World Free Essays

The religious practice of Islam is oriented in a fixed time and space. The faithful will pray in the direction of the Ka’ba five times a day, but how did astronomy take part in determining this? The Islamic calendar says that the day begins at sunset and the five prayers start from that time. Adjusting times for prayer grew out of observing the heavens, a practice known since the ancient Egyptians and Babylonians. We will write a custom essay sample on Astronomy in the Medieval Islamic World or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Arabs, for centuries, studied the sky and examined the groups of stars and phases of the moon on their long desert travels. This education of space was adapted and developed to conform to the practice of Islam. During the medieval period of the Islamic world, the science of astrology as a branch from astronomy was translated by the Greeks into Arabic, along with Sasanian, Indian and ancient Egyptian influences, allowing more scientific and mathematical development by mathematicians and scientists of the Arab world. The subject came to be a very popular one, as it was taken interest in by scholars such as Abu Ma’shar al-Balkhi, al-Biruni, and Nasir al-Din al-Tusi. There is evidence of this topic being widespread throughout the Islamic world, such as manuscripts and astrological records found in al-Fustat in Egypt. Since there has proven to be much scientific evidence and involvement in the study of the stars and planets, how did this outbreak of information in the Islamic world affect Islamic Art? And why was it so significant? There is much architecture, objects and textiles from the Islamic World that express the significance of this topic, such as Qasr al-Amra in Jordan, built by Umayyad caliph Walid II in the early 8th century, which features a frescoed caldarium ceiling depicting the twelve Zodiac constellations. The exterior of the construction is very minimal; the only ornamentation being small domes and triple arches. Otherwise, the ornamentation becomes servant to the architecture. The techniques that were contributed into constructing Qasr al-Amra references the Roman and Byzantine techniques: predominately limestone and terracotta brick, along with other types of stones. The frescoed ceilings in the caldarium, or the hot plunge bath, is said to be the earliest depiction of the stars painted on a domed surface. It features 35 recognizable constellations along with, as mentioned previously, twelve zodiacs. There has been reported to be one mistake: the order of the stars in the counterclockwise direction, which tells that it is possible that the fresco was copied from a flat surface. This fresco, however, is not the only one in Qasr al-Amra: there were many brilliant murals in several of the other chambers that suggest that the caliphs of this â€Å"pleasure palace† lived a luxurious lifestyle. This luxury tells of an involvement in. The use of imagery in relation to astrology began in the twelfth century, and eventually taken in for its visual decorative quality, by the Ghaznavids and the Seljuqs among others, and they adopted it with their own meanings and influences. The bowl (figure 1) from central or northern Iran in the late 12th century depicts figures very close to those of the Kashan. The bright hues lend it a quality similar to Persian miniatures. There is Kufic inscriptions around the rim of the bowl as well as naskh script on the secondary intermediary space but the focal point is the sun-shaped face in the center, with a classical depiction of the planets surrounding it. How to cite Astronomy in the Medieval Islamic World, Papers

Bel Canto Historical Analysis free essay sample

Bel Canto, the setting is reflected off of the Lima Crisis, otherwise known as the Japanese embassy hostage crisis, which began on December 17, 1996. Bel Canto is a story on the events that happen in the house of a South American country’s vice president. It portrays the relationships of the characters and their feelings toward one another as well as explains the hostage situation. In the Japanese embassy hostage crisis, similar events took place, such as the actual overtake of a mansion which contained high-ranking military officials and others of a high social standing. Both settings deal with the releasing of hostages in exchange for demands that were never met, which led to the resolution of both the Lima crisis and Patchett’s Bel Canto. Bel Canto reflects the historical Japanese embassy hostage crisis, although Bel Canto has a third person omniscient point of view of the occurrences on the inside of the mansion. We will write a custom essay sample on Bel Canto Historical Analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Bel Canto imitates the incidences of the Japanese embassy hostage crisis. The Japanese embassy hostage crisis was a 126 day hostage crisis where members of a revolutionary movement known as the Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement had taken over 600 hostages, a decent amount of which were high ranked military officials and other well-known ambassadors. The MRTA, led by Nestor Cerpa, took over the highly fortified residence of the Japanese ambassador. Cerpa proclaimed that he would release any of his hostages who weren’t involved with the Peruvian government, and they did so. The MRTA eventually release all the captives except 72 men. The original plan of this takeover was to change the ways of the government. In Bel Canto, although the terrorists originally came to take the president, they were a rebellious group from the country and wanted changes in the government. The rebels demanded a few things in return for the safety of the hostages. They requested â€Å"The release of their members from prison; a revision of the government’s neoliberal free market reforms, and they protested against the cruel and inhumane conditions of Peru’s jails† (Japanese embassy hostage crisis). In Bel Canto, the rebels have demands as well: The terrorists having no chance to get what they came for, decided to take something else instead, something they never in their lives knew they wanted until they crouched in the low, dark shaft of the air-conditioning vents: opera. They decided to take that very thing for which Mr. Hosakawa lived. (71). Both terrorists wanted demands out of their seizures of the mansions. In both Bel Canto and in the Japanese crisis, a Red Cross official was the ‘negotiator. He attempted to setup a barter system to which the terrorists would get supplies so long as they give hostages back in return. In the Japanese crisis, Luis Cipriani had worked on getting a deal that would allow the terrorists to be let go into Cuba as exiles. This negotiation failed, as did some of the consultations from Bel Canto. Messner, the negotiator, attempts to make several negotiations with the terrorists, throughout the novel. Although both mediators do try to work th e situations out with the rebels, they are not able to meet the standards of the negotiations. In the end of both Bel Canto and the Japanese embassy hostage crisis, the terrorists were killed. They were not done in the same fashion, although the hostages were saved. In Bel Canto, the terrorists allow the hostages to be outside, and one day while they are together, a group of government troops come and shoot all the insurgents, as well as Hosokawa. In the Japanese crisis, a military assault overwhelmed the rebels and forced them to either surrender or be shot and killed. Bel Canto is very much reflected upon the happenings of the Japanese embassy hostage crisis. The similarities of the negotiations between the outside world and the mansions, the motives for invasion, and the format of how the situations end are all closely related. The book may not have total accuracy of the Lima crisis, although the internal view of the occurrences in the mansion provide a different side of the hostage situation. Works Cited Japanese embassy hostage crisis. Wikipedia. Wikipedia. Web. 23 Jan. 2013. . Patchett, Ann. Bel Canto. 2005 ed. New York: HarperCollins, 2001. Print.

American Oligarchy essays

American Oligarchy essays The American Oligarchy America: The Pretense of Democracy The Aristotelian view of democracy showed democracy as a supreme state of being, promoting equality more than anything. It allowed every person to have as much say in a government as any other person, and yet still allowed individuality to reign. To follow this path of true democracy is to follow the path to a perfect country. Yet America, which prides itself on being a truly democratic nation, is filled with corruption and extortion, nothing like the Utopia Aristotle portrayed. America is in the hands of a select few. A tiny fraction of the population holds any real political power, while the rest simply sit idly by. This goes against the very principle of democracy. Aristotle said of this Any one man [of the many] may be inferior [to a man of excellence], but the city-state is made up of many men. Just as a meal done by many is better than a single and simple one, for this reason a mass (ochlos) can judge many things better than any one man. In addition, that which is many is less likely to be corrupted. So, although an individual's judgment can be corrupted when he is overcome by anger or some other emotion, it is difficult for all to become angry and make erroneous judgments simultaneously. If all the men are good men and good citizens, they are less corruptible than one man. However, seldom is this the case with American politics. There are far fewer politicians then there are low class workers or unemployed, and yet these politicians decide upon most all of the important decisions the country is faced with. The only time the rest of the people are involved is when these politicians spew out money and promises in an attempt to gain the popularity of the public whom they are so far from. Although the majority of the United States is low to middle class, the only people in high political positions are those who spend millions of dollars to get where they are. Equa...

Future of Napster essays

Future of Napster essays With a meager year and a half existence, Napster has revolutionized the music industry with its leading person-to-person file sharing community. Shawn Fanning, who at the time was an eighteen year-old freshman at Boston's Northeastern University, founded Napster in May 1999. With over 38 million users, Napster is the fastest growing community in the history of the Internet. This number will likely increase in the future as Napster's popularity continues to escalate. According to an October study conducted by Webnoize, the leading authority on the digital entertainment economy, 69% of college students surveyed are monthly users of Napster, while 43% use Napster on a weekly basis. As a result, Napster has captured the attention of venture capitalists who have acted quickly to secure their investment last spring. Napster's unique ability to offer an easy-to-use, high quality service has granted the company an unprecedented position in the music industry. Unofficially valued at more than $100 billion, it is no surprise that Napster and Shawn Fanning have been the recipient of numerous industry awards for technology, innovation and marketing. Not only can users search for new music by sharing music files among members free of charge, Napster enables them to communicate with one another through instant messaging, chat rooms, and Hot List User Bookmarks. By providing its users with free access to music file sharing, the accountability of Napster has become a topic of serious debate. Currently, Napster is engaged in a serious legal battle with charges of violating copyright infringement laws. The Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) is representing five major record labels, including Bertelsmann who argue that Napster's service is illegal because no fees are paid for use of their music. However, Napster argues that it is protected by the "safe harbor" provision of the 1998 Digital Millenium Copyright Act, which states that In ...

Corporate welfare Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

Corporate welfare - Essay Example In addition, at the time lenders and creditors were unavailable. Numerous corporations were facing closure due to huge financial debts. With an objective to sustain the economy, the government had to develop strategies that would keep these organizations open; thus the creation of corporation welfare (Cay 24). Since is initiation the policy has been effective. Numerous corporations have been bailed out of financial crisis. In addition, the modern day corporate welfare policies are created to enhance the sustainability of major companies (Roger 44). For instance, agricultural subsidies in the United States are used to sustain large corporations in the industry (Roger 44). These corporations are able to sustain their financial burden. The current corporation welfare strategies have been criticized. Majority of the people embrace the modification that the money could be more useful tothe poor not large corporations (Fisher& Peters 89). For instance, it could be more effective if agricultural subsidies are used to support farmers rather that the major institutions in the

Coal to Liquid Technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Coal to Liquid Technology - Essay Example Although, renewable energy is an alternative it takes time and additional resources. Some countries are very poor but have coal in abundance. It therefore means that clean technology has to be found to produce energy from coal. Several methods of transforming coal to liquid are available. Some of these are low yield in comparison to others that have yields of up to 70%. The task is to ensure that the level of greenhouse gas emissions is kept low in order to save the environment for the next generation. 2.0 Coal consumption and reserve of the world and the US According to the EIA (2012) the total coal consumption of the world for the year ended December 2010 was 7,994,703 million short tons. EIA (2012) also provides data for the year ended December 31, 2008 which indicates that the amount of coal reserves in the world was 948,000 million short tons. The tables labeled Table 1 shows comparative figures for coal consumption for those years and four (4) years prior to those years. Table 2 shows figures for coal reserves for 2008. Consumption of Coal Description 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 World NA 7,994,703 7,318,283 7,327,554 7,014,934 USA 1,003,066 1,048,295 997,478 1,120,548 1,127,998 US as a percentage of the world 13.11% 13.63% 15.29% 16.07% Table 1: Coal Consumption USA and the World (source U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)) The table indicates that USA alone accounted for approximately 14.33% of the world’s coal consumption between 2007 and 2010. In 2007 the US accounted for 16%. Although the world’s consumption of coal increased in 2008, coal consumption in the US declined by a small margin. Both world consumption and US consumption declined in 2009. However, while the world consumption declined by negligible amounts (9,271 million short tons) the US consumption declined by approximately 11% (123,070 million short tons). In 2010 the US consumption increased by approximately 6% while world consumption increased by approximately 9%. The US accounted for 13% of the world’s consumption in 2010. Coal Reserves 2008 Description 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 World 948,000 USA 260,551 Table 2: Coal Reserves USA and the World – Source U.S. Energy Information Administration The table shows that in 2008 the US held 27% of the world’s coal reserves. This is a very high percentage and indicates how beneficial coal would be if a way is found to reduce its effect on the environment. 3.0 Arguments against the use of coal Many arguments have being put forward against the use of coal. They include: i. Health and safety hazard ii. Large quantities of water are used in coal mining iii. High levels of pollution (Hansen 2009) iv. Destruction of mountains v. Accidents caused from coal mining 3.1 Health and safety hazard Coal is hazardous to the health and safety of all who come in contact with it, especially coal miners. The Center for Disease Control (2012) indicates that between 1998 and 2007, 8,111 persons died from Coal Workers Pneumoconiosis. Most of them were male (8,010), white (7,865) and age 65 years and over (7379). Although the death rate has been declining, it is still cause for concern. A number of accidents have also resulted from inadequate safety measures as miners are left to risk their lives at some mining operations. In fact, in an article entitled Justice for Upper Big Branch, The New York Times (NYT) (2012) indicates that 29 miners died from an explosion at a mine in West Virginia.. In relation to this case a United States attorney filed fraud charges against a Superintendent of the Massey operated Upper Big Branch Mine in West Virginia of plotting to conceal hazards, doctor’

Impacts Of African Slave Trade On Europe

Impacts Of African Slave Trade On Europe Slavery was carried out in various parts of the world and mainly in some parts of Africa, Asia, Europe and America. Slave trade was at the highest during the period at which Americans were under the colonial powers of the European states. Europeans carried out their slave trade extensively in African nations. It is said that low economic level in African nations made it easy for Europeans to take control over Africans. The major slave trade regime against Africans by Europeans was known as Atlantic slave trade. It was not the only trade though it is believed to have been the most extensive both in volume and intensity wise. The Africans who were victims of slave trade to the Europeans are said to have been hostages of endemic warfare that was between different states of Africa. Their traders gained weapons and other basic necessities from Europeans in return. Contrary, Africans carried out the trade against themselves. There existed many divisions between African regions. Some of the divisions were ethnic, driven by culture and beliefs, religion, political, economic level, and boundary conflicts. Those divisions brought about conflicts and wars. Those who went into war captured their enemies who were source of wealth to them on trading with Europeans. The trade was barter trade whereby Europeans went off with slaves in exchange of goods such as manufactured cloth, alcohol, weapons among others. Interestingly, the slave trade had become the major international trade to Africans. The trade had grown extensively into communities and family levels. Kingdom rulers of the community did not discourage the trade and they encouraged by selling out those who were their enemies or the most hardworking personas of the kingdom. At the family level, family members would sell out their counterparts mostly when there were family disputes among different families or family members. All these made it easier for the Europeans to acquire slaves from traders who were willing to sell out themselves (Williams 1994,p.12). The main reason was the shortage of labor in the continent whereby demand for laborers had exceeded the capability of the population supply. Slaves who landed into Europe at early period of slavery were the Aboriginal peoples. At first they were a few but they suffered from diseases and cruelty from racist Europeans. Immense numbers of them were hired for mining, and in the plantations which were labor-intensive in growing, harvesting and processing of products such as sugar, cotton and other low-prized tropical crops. Affordability of low cost of labor helped in the economic growth of European states at the period. The first European state to carry out slave trade was Portugal. Portuguese were in dire need of laborers for mining and sugar plantation activities in Brazil which was their colony at the period. Later European states completion towards the slavery began when Brazil was seized by Dutch which eventually became to be the leading slave trading power in seventeenth century. They sold slaves to their colonies, to British and also to the Spanish. In late 17th century, Britain rose to be the leading trading power after gaining the control over the Americans. The other reason was large size of the market for European products. The triangular Atlantic slave trade is believed to have been the most convenient and profitable trade route. This is because Ships leaving Europe were only required to carry trade goods on their way to Africa. On arrival to Africa exchange of the goods for slaves took place. To Europeans the trade was always to their favor since cheap goods were of more value to poor African states who complied effectively in the trade. However, Europeans got to a point of carrying out supplying role of slaves to the world. Some of slaves acquired from Africa were transported to the American states for trade. In America, they traded slaves for the agricultural products, which were in many cases produced through slave labor. Due to low cost of labor, agricultural products were acquired at a low prize. To the Europeans trade route was an important business since it required that a ship make a leg of the voyage for a substantial profit waiting at the destination. This enhanced the international relationships between European nations and their trade counterparts. In addition, ships used less energy on their ways since trade routes were designed in a specific manner. This is because trades men followed the routes which they would take full advantage of the widespread winds and currents which propelled their ships. For instance, the journey from a place like West Indies or any other place in the southern United States to any other place in Europe would be propelled by the waves of Gulf Stream. This made it cheaper for Europeans to acquire slaves from other nations (Klein 1999,p.23). However, in industries, which were most profitable, slavery was the main source of labor of the time. Majority of the slaves were hired in the sugar production sector. Sugar plantations were the most labor intensive activity in the time. In additionally, the other slaves were hired in other labor intensive activities such as in coffee, cotton, and tobacco harvesting, and also in the mining. Slaves were basic possessions to European states and they always protected them so as to retain them in their land. For instance, in 1763, France had agreed to give out vast colony of New France in exchange for permit to keeping Antillian island of Guadeloupe. As the time went by, opposition against slave trade developed in Europe. The move was fore headed by religious movements such as Religious Society of Friends and also established clergies of the Evangelical ministries such as the William Wilberforce. Later individuals joined the movements and from which they protested against the slave trade to their state powers. However, owners of colonial holdings opposed the move (Rodney 1981,p.14). Success of the moves was marked by abolition of slave trade in Denmark through the legislation in 1792 and took its effect later in 1803. Britain followed the compliance by imposing ban to the trade in early 1807. Britain kingdom had to impose rigid fines for anyone who allowed slaves to aboard a Britain destined ship. Additionally, the British Royal Navy, which in control of all worldsà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢ sea, stopped other nations from participating in the slave trade through the declaration that equalized slaving to the piracy and culprits were to be punished by death penalty. To the Europeans, end of the slave trade, had insignificant obstacles which it is a must that they had to be overcome. Slave trade was an important part to the economy of the regional states. In 18th century, slaves were the main supply of labor that was required in the production activities of the agricultural products. However, end of slavery resulted into high cost of production and eventually the rise of prices of the same products in the market (Anstey 1975,p.34). However, some scholars studied the slavery ban movement slightly before the Second World War and concluded that it was in most probably recorded among the three or four important historical pages in the history of the European nations. This is mainly because slavery had an important impact to the growth of the economy and thus it was difficult for European nations to do away with it. Contrary, in his studies, Eric Williams, a West Indian historian, argued that it was as a consequence of the economic transitions, of European nations, which was unrelated to any morality factor. However, he based his squabble upon the idea that the colonies of West Indian were declining in the early 19th century. This is because they had lost political and economic importance to Europeans. Consequently, this decline made slavery to be an economic weigh down that made the British to have a will of doing away with it (Williams 1994,p.34). However, Williamà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s study is questioned. This is because decline in West Indian colonies manifested after 1807 when slave trade was banned. Moreover, slavery was economically flourishing at a fast pace before the ban. However, most likely the decline may have resulted from the effects of suppression which colonies felt from slave trade. In addition, the lowering of prices for the products which were produced through slave labor could be taken as evidence which exhibits that lowering in the price of a product leads to increase in the demand and eventually increasing the total profits. In addition, it is said that profits which were earned as a result of the slave trade lasted at low levels. Results say it was always about ten percent of the total investment and indicated no verification of the decline. More importantly, the prices of lands in West Indies, as an essential tool in analyzing economic growth of the region also did not decline until after discontinuation of the slave trade. Also, the economies of colonies which heavily relied on agricultural products did not decline. In fact are said to have been at the peak in 1807. However, there was a reason for Williams to be biased. This is because he was actively drawn into the movements which advocated for the independence of the colonies of Caribbean. With that notion he had a drive to try to snuff out any idea of such an unsparing action by colonialists to their colonies. However, some scholars have acknowledged Williams arguments in their works though they agree to the fact that the issue of morality was combined together with politics and economic forces so as to end slavery in Europe. However, religion is believed to have had the strongest movement that campaigned against slavery and actually into convincing Westminster into outlawing the trade. More also, Evangelical protestants together with Quakers formed a group which viewed slavery as an act of inhumane. These individuals formed the minority persons in the population, but more interestingly they were passionate and the group had many members who were enthusiastic individuals (Emmer 2000,p.45). In the parliament, large number of members presented these groups. Their parliament presence is said to have been so strong in that at their height they had control of about thirty five to forty seats. Normally precarious government positions acted as to magnify their numbers and also their service to the citizens. The members of the group were known as saints and William Wilberforce was their leader. Most importantly they were campaigners of the anti-slave in the European nations. Parliamentarians who belonged to the group were tremendously enthusiastic and frequently saw their delicate battle in opposition to slavery as a delightfully predestined crusade. However, after the ending of slavery in Britain, British felt obliged by economic pressure to force down other European nations into inserting themselves into a common economic straitjacket, or else the colonies of Britain would have became uncompetitive with those who were belonged to other nations. Ironically, British effort to campaign against slavery was an unparalleled foreign policy effort to combine economic powers (Drescher 1999,p.98). However, the Britainà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s campaign did not full succeed. This is because some European nations strongly objected the move into surrendering rights to the trade. These nations included Spain, and France. However, Britain did not back down but instead used every tool to trying to persuade these nations so that they may follow its lead. Interestingly, Spain agreed but through a payment of a ransom. Spain received over one million pounds in order for it to end the slave trade. For the France, it was difficult at outset. At first, Britain tried to inflict its idea of solution during the negotiation meeting at the near end of Napoleonic Wars. More devastating to the British is the reluctant of Russia and Austria who vowed not to end the trade. The people and government of France had profound uncertainties about compromising to the demands of Britain. This is because they did not only that other nations end the trade, but also their right to keep watch over the ban. However, Royal Navy was permitted to carry out searches in any apprehensive ships in the waters and confiscate any carrying slaves, or in operation to doing so. It is these stiff demands that kept France into the trade for a long time. More surprisingly, in 1815, France gave in to the ban but they never allowed Britain to police to interfere with their activities neither did they watch over themselves. That made it easier for the illegal trade to continue for a long time. French citizens had initially been indifferent to the trade. With that fact, their national pride could not allow Britain to dictate over their policies. Contrary, conservative backlash vied that reformist movement as tainted by the after the revolution. However, in France, a complete halt of slave trade was realized in 1848 (Drescher 1999,p.78). In conclusion, slave trade was of more benefits to the European nations. Europeans low population at the period called for more man power in the activities which were meant to be drivers of the economic growth. Thus, Africa became their target as a source of man power. However, there came a period when European nations came to Africa for slaves and in turn selling them out to other nations in the world thus strengthening interrelationships between different nations. The ending of slavery did not ogre well to the economic growth since affected nations suffered an economic down turn.

Evaluate the planning function of management

Another issue, which involves more of the Boeing’s social responsibility in relation to security, is the illegal export of commercial jets with QRS-11 gyrochip, Between 2000 and 2003, Boeing exported commercial jets with a QRS-11 gyrochip in the instrument flight boxes, even though the chip was classified by the State Department as an export-restricted defense item because it can be used to stabilize and steer guided missiles (Gates & Mundy, 2006).Just imagine if these chips could go into the wrong hands. This issue could greatly impact Boeings management planning since the State Department last year prepared civil charges alleging 94 violations of the Arms Control Act. The possible outcome could lead to potential fine of as much as $47 million. Even without the fine, this will further degrade the already tinted image of Boeing organization.As a response to this looming legal, ethical and social responsibility issues, Boeing organization has made the prevention of additional s candals the primary management concern. With these past and present legal, ethical and social responsibility issues it is apparent that Boeing can no longer take any additional scandals. At a Boeing annual leadership retreat, General Counsel Doug Bain emphasized the severe sanctions he said are possible from two major scandals on Boeing's defense side and for alleged breaches of export laws.Boeing faces possible indictment by U.S. attorneys on both coasts, and the Department of Justice's assessment of damages exceeds $5 billion, he said. In addition, Boeing could be barred from government defense contracts or denied export licenses for both military and commercial sales, he said (Gates & Mundy, 2006). Additional scandal would reduce their chances of the legal outcomes of these present issues. In the recent years 15 company vice presidents have already been pushed out because of lapses regarding various ethical issues, which is a very alarming figure. The management planning has ther efore focused the scandal prevention strategies within top post of the organization.2- Analyze at least three factors that influence the company`s strategic, tactical, operational, and contingency planning.In 2001 shocked the Seattle community by announcing that it would move its headquarters to another location. According to Parish & Company (2001) that Boeing made this decision due to an inability to compete for capital with a financial pyramid scheme at the Microsoft Corporation. Its workers in Seattle are falling behind due to wage increases not keeping up with the area’s true inflation rate. Since Boeing is a cost intensive highly unionized organization this has resulted in intense labor conflicts with management.In the last bargaining session management asked that workers accept more wages in stock options rather than cash wages yet this is a tough sell to Boeing's workers.   Management is clearly attempting to join a pyramid scheme initiated by Microsoft yet being de nied access by its workers who want real cash wages (Parish, 2001). While Boeing Corporation must get from its earnings the cash wages it pays to workers, Microsoft is not required to deduct its stock option wages from earnings, due to an accounting loophole, even though the same tax deduction is provided in each case,This placed Boeing is placed in a situation where it is handicapped in the capital markets.   Boeing's stock is essentially deflated because it is being forced to show its wage expense as a deduction from earnings, thereby lowering earnings (Parish, 2001). On the other hand, Microsoft's earnings are grossly inflated, drawing more investor interest.   This forces Boeing to cut costs in order to improve earnings and thereby raise its stock price. This is more an economic factor that is affecting Boeing’s business strategy.The recent battle between Airbus A380 and Boeing 787 Dreamliner has also greatly affected Boeing’s strategy and contingency plans. Wh en Airbus launched the A380, a large plane with a capacity of more than 500, Boeing has to compete with great speed in the development life cycle in order to gain a larger market share. The A380 is built around the assumption that airlines will continue to fly smaller planes on shorter routes (spokes) into a few large hubs, then onward to the next hub on giant airplanes (Babej ; Pollak, 2006).This is based on the assumption that passengers will want to put up with the hassles of changing planes in exchange for the privilege of traveling in a jet-powered cruise liner. While Airbus focus on size and capacity, Boeing rides on the idea of fuel efficient plane that will bring people directly to where they want to go.According to Marty Bentrott, Vice President of sales, â€Å"Our strategy has been to design and build an airplane that will take passengers where they want to go, when they want to go, without intermediate stops; do it efficiently while providing the utmost comfort to passen gers; and make it simple and cost-effective for airlines to operate† (Babej ; Pollak, 2006). Boeing’s strategy is to focus on innovation to make fuel-efficient engines as oppose to economy through size. This is an example of a technological factor affecting Boeings contingency plan.Globalization has also greatly affected Boeing’s strategy. The growing power of international economic and market forces has made considerable impacts on tourism. Tourism studies have shown that Airline have made significant profits in 2004. These increases in travel coincide with Boeng’s target to build bigger and long range fuel efficient Boeing 787 Dreamliners.ReferencesGates, D. ; Mundy, A. (2006). Boeing lawyer warns of company's legal peril. Retrieved on February 16, 2007 from the SeattleTimes online web site: http://old.seattletimes.com/html/businesstechnology/2002772936_boeing31.htmlParish, B. (2001). Microsoft Financial Pyramid Costs Seattle Its Largest Employer, the Bo eing Corporation, and Destabilizes Government Tax Revenues. Retrieved on February 16, 2007   from the Parish and Company Home Page : http://www.billparish.com/20010322boeingandmsft.htmlBabej, M, & Pollak, T. (2001). Boeing Versus Airbus. Retrieved on February 16, 2007   from the Forbes.com website : http://www.forbes.com/forbes/welcome/?toURL=http://www.forbes.com/2006/05/23/unsolicited-advice-advertising-cx_meb_0524boeing.html&refURL=&referrer=

Lester B Pearson and the Suez Canal

Canada had many Prime Ministers, some very good and some not so good. Among these members of parliament, there was Lester Bowles Pearson. A Torontonian man who had made many important decisions in the Suez Canal Crisis. Lester B Pearson prevented another world war from occurring with the decisions he made during the Suez Canal Crisis. Pearson prevented the war from occurring by his overall personality, his achievements before the Suez Crisis, and him forming the United Nation Peacekeeping Force. His overall personality helped him mentally prepare for and keep him calm during the Suez Canal Crisis. Pearson had a deep personal reserve that people found difficult to penetrate (Bothwell). It would be hard to persuade him into doing something that he didn’t want to do, in this case anything that might cause a war. Pearson was the most gregarious of men, quick to lighten serious moments with self-deprecating humor and breaking frequently into an irresistible smile (Granatsien and Hillmer). When the Suez Crisis preparation got out of control, all Pearson did was tell a joke or even smile to change the moods of everyone. â€Å"Politics is the skill use of a blunt object. † In his quote Pearson says, to be a politician it takes skill. Pearson’s personality and skill helped him stay calm and relaxed upon making decisions during the Suez Canal Crisis, which in turn helped him think up of the United Nations Emergency Force. Pearson’s achievements before the Suez crisis helped him make decisions toward the Suez Crisis. He helped in stopping the Korean War (Bothwell). Pearson’s dislike of war is shown in the quote, â€Å"the grim fact is that we prepare for war like precautious giants, and for peace like retarded pygmies. † He served on a United Nation commission that helped draw up the plan to cease fire in the Korean War. This gave him experience in handling orld issues. Before he dealt with the UN organization he was involved with the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, NATO (Granatstien and Hillmer). Fearful of the soviet but still skeptical of the American, Pearson contributed patience, tolerance, flexibility, and a sense of preparation to the formation of the NATO (Granatstien and Hill mer). Pearson joined the army in 1915 and served in WWI (Waite. ) He says, â€Å"As a soldier, I survived World War I when most of my comrades did not. † Serving as a soldier taught him how horrible war is, and how if the Suez Canal Crisis turned into a war, man lives would be lost. All of these little problems helped Pearson prepare for the Suez Crisis. Lester B Pearson created the UNEF in 1956, which prevented another world war from occurring. When the Suez Crisis erupted Pearson knew something was going to happen. He immediately started to propose the idea of the UN Peacekeeping Force, UNEF (Antony). When he was going through all the preparation to make this force he says, â€Å"As for promotion of peace congresses we have had out meetings and assemblies, but the promotion through them of the determined and effective will to peace displaying itself in action and policy remains to be achieved. He wanted to convert British and French invading soldiers into peacekeepers at first but then decided to make the UNEF out of the volunteered Canadians. When the Suez Crisis was being debated in the Security Council, Pearson couldn’t do anything because Canada lacked a permanent seat (Antony). Since Canada lacked a seat in the debate, Pearson couldn’t add his input to the situation. He worked closely with all his parties across all division and put together a coalition of support over sleepless days and nights (Antony). In the early hours of November 4th, 1956 the General Assembly overwhelming, supports Pearson’s proposal for the world’s first peacekeeping force. Bowing to the international pressure and the arrival of UNEF, British and French forces complete their withdrawal from Egypt by the end of 1956. Pearson is praised at the UN for his brilliant his brilliant efforts but he is condemned by some at home for betraying the motherland. Even though he was condemned and he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in October 1957. His overall personality and skill, his achievements before the Suez Canal Crisis, and the creation of the United Nation Peacekeeping Force were only three of many reasons that helped Lester B Pearson prevent another world war from occurring during the Suez Canal Crisis. The world today would have been different if the Suez Crisis had started a world war, if what happened in World War II where the atomic bombs were dropped in Japan was to of happened because of the Suez Canal Crisis there would be many different effects on the life that is being lived today.

The Authorship and Date of the Book of Acts - 628 Words

The Authorship and Date of the Book of Acts The book of Acts is a historical narrative of the early history of the Church. As such, the authorship and date can be established by evidence found in the book itself. In addition, outside sources such as other books of the Bible as well as history recorded by other historians of the time supplement the evidence give by the letter itself. According to 2 Timothy 3:16 the original author of the book of Acts is God, however, God did not pen the book himself. A man penned the book as the Spirit of God instructed him. Luke, as the human author, has strong support as the author of Acts given his previous letter he penned to Theophilus about Jesus ministry. The wording in the first chapter of the book of Luke is interesting because not only does Luke address the same man as in the book of Acts, but he also gives a lengthy explanation as to why he is writing the letter. In that letter, Luke wants to compile a narrative about the things accomplishe d by us (Luke 1:1). In verse two of his book, he makes a clear distinction between the disciples who witnessed Jesus ministry and us. Then in verse three Luke takes a step back and tells Theophilus that since he had followed the testimony of Jesus ministry closely, he wished to begin there rather than with his narrative on the things he and the Christians with him had accomplished. So then, where is the fulfillment of what Luke said in Luke 1:1 to Theophilus? The answer would have toShow MoreRelatedCompare and Contrast Hebrews, James, and 1 Peter1210 Words   |  5 Pagesrevelation after Acts would be severely limited by one apostle’s perspective had the writing of these five men been neglected. The following essay will compare and contrast the authorships, dates when written, recipients, and themes from three of the following books: Hebrews, James, and 1 Peter. 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The book quot es extensively from the Old Testament. It proclaims that Jesus Christ is superior and Christianity over other religions, including Judaism. The author demonstrates ways for following Jesus. It speaks to anyone who is wondering why they should follow Jesus. For some twelve hundred years from 400AD to 1600AD the book was commonly calledRead MoreThe Development Ofu.s Copyright Law1328 Words   |  6 Pagesnumber of presses grew in late fifteenth century in England, the authorities started to grant control over the publication of books to a group of printers, called the Stationers’ Company in mid-sixteenth century. The Licensing Act of 1662 confirmed that licensed printers have the right to publish the work forever. The Stationer’s Company didn’t disappear even though the 1662 act lapsed in 1694. Rather, it shifted its focus from printers to authors. Therefore, the Parliament enacted the first copyrightRead MoreEssay about The Shakespeare Authorship Debate1632 Word s   |  7 PagesThe Shakespeare Authorship Debate Although William Shakespeare is considered to be one of the most revered and well-renowned authors of all time, controversy surrounds the belief that he actually produced his own literary works. Some rumors even go so far as to question the reality of such a one, William Shakespeare, brought on by paralleling the quality of his pieces with his personal background and education. With such farfetched allegations, it persuaded others to peek into the person we allRead MoreWorks Made For Hire : The General Rule Of Copyright Ownership1574 Words   |  7 Pagesimportant to classify a copyright properly. Question 2: Section 102 of the Copyright Act states that all works must be â€Å"original works of authorship fixed in any tangible medium of expression, now know or hereafter developed, from which they can be perceived, reproduced, or otherwise communicated, either directly or with the aid of a machine† (Bouchoux, 2012, p. 194). It also sets forth eight separate works of authorship, each with its own registration requirements (Bouchoux, 2012). Along with the registrationRead MorePauls letter to the Galatians Essay1103 Words   |  5 PagesGalatians V. The primary themes of the book of Galatians VI. Conclusion Pauls Letter to the Galatians Where, when, why, and by whom Galatians was written as well as the issue, of Pauls authority, addressed by him in his letter and the primary themes are all important in order to understand this book. quot;The Letter of Paul to the Galatiansquot; is the ninth book of the New Testament in the Bible. It is one of the ten Pauline books, and there are three more books that are possibly Pauline. Galatians